ANATOMY OF THE UNIVERSE

The universe contains everything that exists, from the tiniest subatomic particles to galactic super clusters (the largest structures known). Nobody knows how big the universe is, but astronomers estimate that it contains about 100 billion galaxies, each comprising an average of 100 billion stars. The most widely accepted theory about the origin of universe is the Big Bang theory.

BIG BANG THEORY

The universe is everything. From the tiniest particle to the largest galaxies, to the very existence of space, time and life. But how did it all begin? The origin of the universe is the origin of everything. Multiple scientific theories and creation myths from around the world have tried to explain it’s mysterious origin. However the most widely accepted explanation is the  Big Bang theory.The Big Bang theory states that the universe began as a hot and infinitely dense point, only a few millimetres wide. It was similar to a supercharged black hole. About 13.7 billion years ago, this tiny singularity violently exploded. From this explosion(this Bang), all the matter, energy, space and time were created. What happened next is two major stage of the universe’s evolution called the RADIATION AND MATTER ERA that are defined by keys of hands that helps to shape the universe.

^{First came the RADIATION ERA. Number the domination of radiation after the Big Bang. This era is made of smaller stages called EPOCHS, that occurred within the universe’s first tens and thousands of years. first is the PLANCK EPOCH (temperature:10^40 kelvin, temperature after Big Bang: immediate )in which no matter existed. In the universe at this time, only energy and the four forces of nature called SUPER FORCE. At the end of the stage, however the gravity splits away from the super force. (time after Big Bang: 10^-43 seconds) named for the three remaining unified forces of nature. This epoch ended when one of the forces  called STRONG or STRONG NUCLEAR broke away. Then the INFLATIONRY EPOCH(temperature:10^33kelvin,time after Big Bang:10^-36seconds) began. During which the universe rapidly expanded. Almost instantly a from the size of an atom  to the size of a great fruit. The universe at this time was piping hot and it turned with electrons, quarks and other particles. Then came the ELECTROWEAK EPOCH(temperature:10^20kelvin,time after Big Bang: 10^ -32seconds), when the last two forces electromagnetic and weak finally split off. During the  next stage, the QUARK EPOCH(temperatureL10^20kelvin,time after Big Bang:10^-12seconds), all of the universe’s ingredients were present. However, the universe was still too hot and dense for subatomic particles to form.} 

^{Then in the HADRON EPOCH(temperature:10^10 kelvin, time after Big Bang:10^-6second), the universe cooled down enough for quark to bind together and formed protons and neutrons. In the LEPTON(temperature:10^12kelvin,time after Big Bang: about 1second) and NUCLEAR EPOCHS(temperature:10^6kelvin, time after Big Bang: about 100seconds) the radiation entered to the last two stages. The proton and neutrons underwent a significant change. They fused and created nuclei and doing so, they created the first chemical element in the universe, ’helium’. The universe’s new ability to form elements, the building blocks of matter acquired at the MATTER ERA. Much as the name suggests the matter era is defined by the  presence and predominance of the matter in the universe. It features three epochs that span billion of years, the vast majority of the universe’s lifespan and includes the present day. The first was the ATOMIC EPOCH(temperature:3000kelvin, time after Big Bang: 50,000years). In this stage, the universe’s temperature cooled down enough for electrons to attach to nuclei for the first time called recombination. This process helped to form the universe’s second element ’hydrogen’. This hydrogen along with the helium atoms dotted the universe with atomic clouds. Within the clouds, small pockets of gas may had enough gravity to cause atoms to collect.} 

^{These clusters of atoms formed during the GALACTIC EPOCH(time after Big Bang:200million years) became the seedlings of galaxies. Inside those galaxies, stars began to form and by doing so, there acquired the latest and current stage of the universe’s development, the STELLAR EPOCH(time after Big Bang: 3billion years).}

^{The formation of stars then caused a tremendous ripple effect and helped in shaping the universe as we know it. Heat within the stars caused the conversion of helium and hydrogen into almost all the remaining elements in the universe. In turn, those elements became the building blocks of planets, moons, lives, everything we see today. The ecosystem of everything was only possible because of them any stages of the universe’s development.}